A novel pH- and temperature-sensitive nanocomposite microgel based on linear Poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) and Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) crosslinked by inorganic clay was synthesized by a two-step method. First, PNIPA microgel was prepared via surfactant-free emulsion polymerization by using inorganic clay as a crosslinker, and then AAc monomer was polymerized within the PNIPA microgel. The structure and morphology of the microgel were confirmed by FTIR, WXRD and TEM. The results indicated that the exfoliated clay platelets were dispersed homogeneously in the PNIPA microgels and acted as a multifunctional crosslinker, while the linear PAAc polymer chains incorporated in the PNIPA microgel network to form a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) Structure. The hydrodynamic diameters of the semi-IPN microgels ranged from 360 to 400 nm, which was much smaller than that of the conventional microgel prepared by using N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) as a chemical crosslinker, the later was about 740 nm. The semi-IPN microgels exhibited good pH- and temperature-sensitivity, which Could respond independently to both pH and temperature changes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.