The microstructure and microhardness of copper subjected to large strains either using one or a combination of severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing techniques was evaluated. The individual SPD techniques used include equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), high-pressure torsion (HPT), and chip formation during machining (M). Microstructural characterization using orientation imaging microscopy provided detailed information on the grain sizes and misorientation statistics after different processing routes. Vickers indentation analysis was used to evaluate the hardness of the deformed samples. The results show that excellent microstructures and properties are achieved when these three processes are used in combination, including grain sizes in the range of similar to 0.2-0.3 mu m and hardness values up to > 1,900 MPa.