Effects of nitrogen source and carbon/nitrogen ratio on batch fermentation of glutathione by Candida utilis

Dahui Wang; Gongyuan Wei; Min Nie; Jian Chen

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.27, No.2, 551-559, February, 2010

DOI10.1007/s11814-010-0065-2 Export Citation

Effects of nitrogen source and carbon/nitrogen ratio on batch fermentation of glutathione by Candida utilis

Dahui Wang, Gongyuan Wei^†, Min Nie, and Jian Chen¹

School of Life Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
¹Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China

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Several inorganic/organic N-containing substances were tested as nitrogen source for efficient glutathione production by C. utilis WSH 02-08. Although the strain could assimilate all the inorganic/organic nitrogen, urea and ammonium sulfate were found more favorable to cell growth and glutathione biosynthesis in a flask, respectively, and an optimal C/N ratio existed for each as 5.6 mol/mol and 8.3 mol/mol. A mixed nitrogen source of urea and ammonium under diverse C/N ratios could not boost glutathione fermentation despite the many mixed strategies that were introduced. Batch glutathione production in a stirred fermentor, using the sole or mixed nitrogen sources of urea and ammonium sulfate under their optimal C/N ratios, were conducted; urea was further proved to be the best nitrogen source for glutathione production. The reason was then quantitatively described by kinetic model, together with the distribution of flux for metabolites in metabolic network of glutathione biosynthesis by C. utilis WSH 02-08.

Keywords:Glutathione;Nitrogen Source;C/N Ratio;Kinetic Analysis;Metabolic Flux Analysis

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[4] Sies H, Free Rad. Bio. Med., 27, 916 (1999)

[5] Lafleur MV, Hoorweg JJ, Joenje H, Westmijze EJ, Retel J, Free Radical Res., 21, 9 (1994)

[6] Sen CK, J. Nutr. Biochem., 8, 660 (1997)

[7] Villarama CD, Maibach HI, Int. J. Cosmetic Sci., 27, 147 (2005)

[8] Li Y, Wei GY, Chen J, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 66(3), 233 (2004)

[9] van Urk H, Voll WSL, Sheffers WA, van Dijken JP, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 56, 281 (1990)

[10] Castrillo JI, Kaliterna J, Weusthuis RA, Vandijken JP, Pronk JT, Biotechnol. Bioeng., 49(6), 621 (1996)

[11] Jeffries TW, Jin YS, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63(5), 495 (2004)

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[13] Wei GY, Wang DH, Chen J, Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng., 13, 347 (2008)

[14] KHAN JA, ABULNAJA KO, KUMOSANI TA, ABOUZAID AZA, Bioresour. Technol., 53(1), 63 (1995)

[15] Devine ST, Slaughter TC, FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 9, 19 (1980)

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[23] Jr. Gaden EL, J. Biochem. Microbiol. Technol. Eng., 1, 413 (1959)