Quenched mesomorphic isotactic polypropylene precursor material has been investigated as well as the material annealed at different temperatures. At room temperature, morphology and crystalline ordering of the materials have been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WARD). The nodular morphology of the mesomorphic precursor remains constant for annealing temperatures T-a below 120 degrees C. Needle-like or leaf-like crystals form when T-a approaches the melting temperature of the precursor. WARD data analyzed by peak-fitting indicate that the crystalline ordering along both the chain axis and the lateral directions quickly develops during the mesomorphic-to-monoclinic transition, but slowly after the transition (T-a > 140 degrees C). Combining the AFM and WARD results it is proposed that two decoupled structure evolution mechanisms are occurring. During the transition, only the crystalline ordering is increasing, but not the size of the nodules. After the transition, the geometry of the nodules changes considerably, whereas there is little additional increase of crystalline ordering. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1703-1712, 2009