광주지역 PM2.5 입자 수용성 성분의 화학적 특성조사

박승식; 조성용; 김승재; Seung Shik Park; Sung Yong Cho; Seung Jai Kim

Korean Chemical Engineering Research, Vol.48, No.1, 20-26, February, 2010

Export Citation

광주지역 PM2.5 입자 수용성 성분의 화학적 특성조사

Chemical Characteristics of Water Soluble Components in Fine Particulate Matter at a Gwangju area

박승식^†, 조성용, 김승재

전남대학교 환경공학과, 500-757 광주광역시 북구 용봉동 300

Seung Shik Park^†, Sung Yong Cho, and Seung Jai Kim

Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Korea

E-mail:

초록

수용성 유기 및 무기성분은 대기 에어로졸 입자의 중요한 구성성분들이며 간접적으로 기후에 영향을 미치는 구름 응결핵으로 작용한다. 유기 및 원소탄소(organic and elemental carbon, OC 및 EC) 및 수용성 유기탄소(water soluble OC, WSOC) 및 이온성분농도를 조사하기 위하여 광주지역에서 24시간 기준의 미세입자(PM2.5)를 측정하였다. 측정기간 중 PM2.5 수용성 분율의 주요성분인 WSOC, NO3-, SO4^(2-) 및 NH4+의 평균농도는 각각 2.11, 5.73, 3.51 및 3.31 μg/m3 이었으며, PM2.5 농도의 12.0(2.9~23.9%), 21.0(12.9~37.6%), 11.6(2.5~25.9%), 및 11.7%(3.8~18.6%)를 차지하였다. 총 수용성 성분(유기+무기) 중 WSOC 화합물이 차지하는 분율은 평균 17.6%(5.4~35.9%)이었다. EC 추적자 기법을 이용해 평가한 2차 OC 및 WSOC 농도는 각각 평균적으로 0.78 및 0.34 μg/m3이었으며, 전체 OC 및 WSOC 중의 평균 17.9%(범위: 0~44.4%) 및 평균 11.2%(범위: 0~51.4%)를 차지하였다. 광주지역 겨울철에 측정한 SO4^(2-) 입자는 국지적인 기상산화반응보다는 장거리 이동 또는 수용액 변환과정에 의한 영향, 구름 내 변환과정 등이 황산염 입자 생성에 중요하게 작용했을 것으로 판단한다.

Water soluble organic and inorganic species are important components in atmospheric aerosol particles and may act as cloud condensation nuclei to indirectly affect the climate. To characterize organic and elemental carbon(OC and EC), water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) and inorganic ionic species contents, daily PM2.5 measurements were made during the wintertime at an urban site of Gwangju. Average concentrations of WSOC, NO3-, SO4^(2-) and NH4+, which are major components in the water-soluble fraction in PM2.5, are 2.11, 5.73, 3.51 and 3.31 μg/m3, respectively, representing 12.0(2.9~23.9%), 21.0(12.9~37.6%), 11.6(2.5~25.9%) and 11.7%(3.8~18.6%) of the PM2.5, respectively. Abundance of water soluble organic compounds ranged from 5.4 to 35.9% of total water soluble organic and inorganic components with a mean of 17.6%. Even though the sampling was performed during the winter, the average contributions of secondary OC and WSOC, as deduced from primary OC/EC(or WSOC/EC) ratio, were relatively high, accounting for 17.9%(0~44.4%) of the total OC and 11.2%(0.0~51.4%) of the total WSOC, respectively. During the sampling period, low SO4^(2-) / (SO4^(2-) + SO2) ratio of 0.14(0.03~0.32) and relative humidity condition in the winter time suggest an possibility of impact of long-range transport and/or aqueous transformation processes such as metal catalyzed oxidation of sulfur, in-cloud processes, etc.

Keywords:PM2.5;Organic Carbon;Water Soluble Organic Carbon;EC Tracer Method;Water Soluble Ionic Species

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Turpin BJ, Huntzicker JJ, Atmos. Environ., 29, 3527 (1995)
Cabada JC, Pandis SN, Subramanian R, Robinson AL, Polidori A, Turpin B, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 38, 140 (2004)
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[Referenced By]

[Related Articles]

[1] Andreae MO, Jones CD, Cox PM, Nature, 435, 1187 (2005)

[2] Andreae MO, Rosenfeld D, Earth-Science Reviews, 89, 13 (2008)

[3] Jacob DJ, Winner DA, Atmos. Environ., 108, 1 (2008)

[4] Zhuang GS, Yi Z, Duce RA, Brown PR, Nature, 355, 537 (1992)

[5] Saxena P, Hildemann LM, J. Atmos. Chem., 24, 57 (1996)

[6] Malm WC, Molenar JV, Eldred RA, Sisler JF, J. Geophys. Res., D1, 19251 (1996)

[7] Saxena P, Hildemann LM, McMurry PH, Seinfeld JH, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18755 (1995)

[8] Facchini MC, Decesari S, Mircea M, Fuzzi S, Loglio G, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4853 (2000)

[9] Maria SF, Russell LM, Gilles MK, Myneni SCB, Science, 306, 1921 (2004)

[10] Decesari S, Facchini MC, Matta E, Lettini F, Mircea M, Fuzzi S, Tagliavini E, Putaud JP, Atmos. Environ., 35, 3691 (2001)

[11] Yu JZ, 20th Annual Conference of American Association for Aerosol Research, October 15-19, Portland, OR, USA (2001)

[12] Yu JZ, Research Report (Ref # AS 01-018), Hong Kong EPD (2002)

[13] Park SS, Hur JJ, Cho SY, Kim SJ, Kim YJ, J. Korean Soc. Atmos. Environ., 23, 675 (2007)

[14] Turpin BJ, Saxena P, Andrews E, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2983 (2000)

[15] National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH), “Method 5040 Issue 1: Elemental Carbon (Diesel Exhaust),” NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 4th ed., Cincinnati, OH. (1996)

[16] Korea Meteorological Administration(http://www.kma.go.kr/sfc/sfc_03_02.jsp)

[17] Korea Meteorological Administration(http://www.kma.go.kr)

[18] Turpin BJ, Lim HJ, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 35, 602 (2001)

[19] Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, John Wiley, Hoboken NJ (1998)

[20] Zappoli S, Andracchio A, Fuzzi S, Facchini MC, Gelencser A, Kiss G, Krivacsy Z, Molnar A, Meszaros E, Hansson HC, Rosman K, Zebuhr Y, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2733 (1999)

[21] Viana M, Maenhaut W, Brink HM, Chi X, Weijers E, Querol X, Alastuey A, Mikuska P, Vecera Z, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5972 (2007)

[22] Saarikoski S, Sillanpaa M, Sofiev M, Timonen H, Saarnio K, Teinila K, Karppinen A, Kukkonen J, Hillamo R, Atmos. Environ., 41, 3577 (2007)

[23] Turpin BJ, Huntzicker JJ, Atmos. Environ., 29, 3527 (1995)

[24] Cabada JC, Pandis SN, Subramanian R, Robinson AL, Polidori A, Turpin B, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 38, 140 (2004)

[25] Park SS, Harrison D, Pancras P, Ondov JM, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 110, D07S06 (2005)