Are there arterio-venous differences of blood micro-rheological variables in laboratory rats?

Timea Hever; Ferenc Kiss; Erika Sajtos; Lili Matyas; Norbert Nemeth

Korea-Australia Rheology Journal, Vol.22, No.1, 59-64, March, 2010

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Are there arterio-venous differences of blood micro-rheological variables in laboratory rats?

Timea Hever, Ferenc Kiss, Erika Sajtos, Lili Matyas, and Norbert Nemeth^†

Department of Operative Techniques and Surgical Research, Institute of Surgery, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Hungary

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In animal experiments blood samples are often taken from various parts of the circulation. Although several variables including blood gas parameters are known to alter comparing arterial to venous system, arterio-venous (A-V) differences of blood micro-rheological variables (erythrocyte deformability and aggregation) tested by ektacytometry and aggregometry are not completely known in laboratory rats. In 12 outbred rats we investigated red blood cell deformability (RheoScan-D200 slit-flow ektacytometer), red blood cell aggregation (Myrenne MA-1 erythrocyte aggregometer), hematological variables (Sysmex F-800 microcell counter), blood pH and blood gases (ABL555 Radiometer Copenhagen) in blood samples taken parallel from the abdominal aorta and from the caudal caval vein. Blood pH did not differ, blood gas partial tensions showed physiological A-V differences, as it was expected. White blood cell count, red blood cell count and hematocrit were significantly higher in samples from the caval vein. Erythrocyte aggregation values (at 3 1/s shear rate) were significantly higher in samples taken from the abdominal aorta. Erythrocyte deformability (elongation index) did not show obvious A-V differences. Arterio-venous hemorheological differences -mostly of erythrocyte aggregation- can be found in rats, thus, the standardization of the studies and planning appropriate control measurements are necessary for safe evaluation of the obtained results.

Keywords:hemorheology;arterio-venous difference;red blood cell deformability;red blood cell aggregation;rat

[References]

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Barvitenko NN, Adragna NC, Weber RE, Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 15, 1 (2005)
Baskurt OK, Biorheology, 45, 629 (2008)
Baskurt OK, Boynard M, Cokelet GC, Connes P, Cooke BM, Forconi S, Liao F, Hardeman MR, Jung F, Meiselman HJ, Nash G, Nemeth N, Neu B, Sandhagen B, Shin S, Thurston G, Wautier JL, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 42, 75 (2009)
Baskurt OK, Hardeman MR, Uyuklu M, Ulker P, Cengiz M, Nemeth N, Shin S, Alexy T, Meiselman HJ, Scan. J. Clin. Lab. Inv., 69, 777 (2009)
Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, In vivo hemorheology, in: Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics, Baskurt OK, Hardeman MR, Rampling MW, Meiselman HJ, eds, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 322-338 (2007)
Bishop JJ, Popel AS, Intaglietta M, Johnson PC, Biorheology, 38, 263 (2001)
Bor-Kucukatay M, Wenby RB, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 284, H1577 (2003)
Brath E, Nemeth N, Kiss F, Sajtos E, Hever T, Matyas L, Toth L, Miko I, Furka I, Microsurgery, DOI 10.1002/micr.20707, Epub Sept 29. (2009)
Cicha I, Suzuki Y, Tateishi N, Maeda N, Am. J. Physiol. - Heart Circ. Physiol., 284, H2335 (2003)
Cokelet GR, Meiselman HJ, Macro- and microrheological properties of blood, in: Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics, Baskurt OK, Hardeman MR, Rampling MW, Meiselman HJ, eds, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 45-71. (2007)
Fan F, Chen RYZ, Schuessler GB, Chien S, Am. J. Physiol., 238, H545 (1980)
Furka A, Nemeth N, Gulyas A, Brath E, Peto K, Takacs EI, Furka I, Sapy P, Miko I, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 40, 177 (2008)
Gaehtgens P, Biorheology, 17, 183 (1980)
Hardeman MR, Dobbe JGG, Ince C, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 25, 1 (2001)
Hardeman MR, Goedhart RPT, Dobbe JGG, Lettinga KP, Clin. Hemorheol., 14, 605 (1994)
Kayar E, Mat F, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK, Biorheology, 38, 405 (2001)
Kuzman D, Znidarcic T, Gros M, Vrhovec S, Svetina S, Zeks B, Pflug. Arch. - Eur. J. Physiol., 440, R193 (2000)
Lipowsky HH, Microcirculation, 12, 5 (2005)
Mchedlishvili G, Varazashvili M, Biorheology, 23, 385 (1986)
Mchedlishvili G, Varazashvili M, Kumsishvili T, Lobjanidze I, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 29, 71 (2003)
Mchedlishvili G, Lobjanidze I, Momtselidze N, Bolokadze N, Varazashvili M, Shakarishvili R, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 31, 129 (2004)
Nemeth N, Alexy T, Furka A, Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, Furka I, Miko I, Biorheology, 46, 155 (2009)
Nemeth N, Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, Kiss F, Uyuklu M, Hever T, Sajtos E, Kenyeres P, Toth K, Furka I, Miko I, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J., 21(2), 127 (2009)
Nemeth N, Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, Furka I, Miko I, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J., 21(3), 155 (2009)
Nemeth N, Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, Miko I, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 43, 257 (2009)
Nemeth N, Soukup J, Menzel M, Henze D, Clausen T, Rieger A, Holz C, Scharf A, Hanisch F, Furka I, Miko I, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 35, 59 (2006)
Popel AS, Johnson PC, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 37, 43 (2005)
Pries AR, Secomb TW, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 29, 143 (2003)
Rusch P, Hermann T, Geyssant A, Vasselon C, Healy JC, Biorheology, 18, 493 (1981)
Schmid-Schonbein H, Fluid dynamics and hemorheology in vivo: the interactions of hemodynamic parameters and hemorheological “properties” in determining the flow behavior of blood in microvascular networks, in: Clinical Blood Rheology, Lowe GDO, ed, CRC Press, FL, pp. 129-219. (1988)
Schmid-Schonbein H, Malotta H, Striesow F, Tijdschr NVKC, 15, 88 (1990)
Shin S, Ku Y, Park MS, Suh JS, Cytometry Part B (Clinical Cytometry), 65, 6 (2005)
Szokoly M, Nemeth N, Hamar J, Furka I, Miko I, Microsurgery, 26, 585 (2006)
Uyuklu M, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 41, 179 (2009)
Weed RI, La Celle PL, Merrill EW, J. Clin. Invest., 48, 795 (1969)
Whitmore RL, The dynamics of the circulation, in: Rheology of the circulation, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 62-63 (1968)
Whittaker SRF, Winton FR, J. Physiol. -London, 78, 339 (1933)
Windberger U, Baskurt OK, Comparative hemorheology, in: Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics, Baskurt OK, Hardeman MR, Rampling MW, Meiselman HJ, eds, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 267-285 (2007)
Yilmaz F, Gundogdu MY, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J., 20(4), 197 (2008)

[1] Azarov I, Huang KT, Basu S, Gladwin MT, Hogg N, Kim-Shapiro DB, J. Biol. Chem., 280, 39024 (2005)

[2] Barvitenko NN, Adragna NC, Weber RE, Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 15, 1 (2005)

[3] Baskurt OK, Biorheology, 45, 629 (2008)

[4] Baskurt OK, Boynard M, Cokelet GC, Connes P, Cooke BM, Forconi S, Liao F, Hardeman MR, Jung F, Meiselman HJ, Nash G, Nemeth N, Neu B, Sandhagen B, Shin S, Thurston G, Wautier JL, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 42, 75 (2009)

[5] Baskurt OK, Hardeman MR, Uyuklu M, Ulker P, Cengiz M, Nemeth N, Shin S, Alexy T, Meiselman HJ, Scan. J. Clin. Lab. Inv., 69, 777 (2009)

[6] Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, In vivo hemorheology, in: Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics, Baskurt OK, Hardeman MR, Rampling MW, Meiselman HJ, eds, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 322-338 (2007)

[7] Bishop JJ, Popel AS, Intaglietta M, Johnson PC, Biorheology, 38, 263 (2001)

[8] Bor-Kucukatay M, Wenby RB, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 284, H1577 (2003)

[9] Brath E, Nemeth N, Kiss F, Sajtos E, Hever T, Matyas L, Toth L, Miko I, Furka I, Microsurgery, DOI 10.1002/micr.20707, Epub Sept 29. (2009)

[10] Cicha I, Suzuki Y, Tateishi N, Maeda N, Am. J. Physiol. - Heart Circ. Physiol., 284, H2335 (2003)

[11] Cokelet GR, Meiselman HJ, Macro- and microrheological properties of blood, in: Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics, Baskurt OK, Hardeman MR, Rampling MW, Meiselman HJ, eds, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 45-71. (2007)

[12] Fan F, Chen RYZ, Schuessler GB, Chien S, Am. J. Physiol., 238, H545 (1980)

[13] Furka A, Nemeth N, Gulyas A, Brath E, Peto K, Takacs EI, Furka I, Sapy P, Miko I, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 40, 177 (2008)

[14] Gaehtgens P, Biorheology, 17, 183 (1980)

[15] Hardeman MR, Dobbe JGG, Ince C, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 25, 1 (2001)

[16] Hardeman MR, Goedhart RPT, Dobbe JGG, Lettinga KP, Clin. Hemorheol., 14, 605 (1994)

[17] Kayar E, Mat F, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK, Biorheology, 38, 405 (2001)

[18] Kuzman D, Znidarcic T, Gros M, Vrhovec S, Svetina S, Zeks B, Pflug. Arch. - Eur. J. Physiol., 440, R193 (2000)

[19] Lipowsky HH, Microcirculation, 12, 5 (2005)

[20] Mchedlishvili G, Varazashvili M, Biorheology, 23, 385 (1986)

[21] Mchedlishvili G, Varazashvili M, Kumsishvili T, Lobjanidze I, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 29, 71 (2003)

[22] Mchedlishvili G, Lobjanidze I, Momtselidze N, Bolokadze N, Varazashvili M, Shakarishvili R, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 31, 129 (2004)

[23] Nemeth N, Alexy T, Furka A, Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, Furka I, Miko I, Biorheology, 46, 155 (2009)

[24] Nemeth N, Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, Kiss F, Uyuklu M, Hever T, Sajtos E, Kenyeres P, Toth K, Furka I, Miko I, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J., 21(2), 127 (2009)

[25] Nemeth N, Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, Furka I, Miko I, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J., 21(3), 155 (2009)

[26] Nemeth N, Baskurt OK, Meiselman HJ, Miko I, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 43, 257 (2009)

[27] Nemeth N, Soukup J, Menzel M, Henze D, Clausen T, Rieger A, Holz C, Scharf A, Hanisch F, Furka I, Miko I, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 35, 59 (2006)

[28] Popel AS, Johnson PC, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 37, 43 (2005)

[29] Pries AR, Secomb TW, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 29, 143 (2003)

[30] Rusch P, Hermann T, Geyssant A, Vasselon C, Healy JC, Biorheology, 18, 493 (1981)

[31] Schmid-Schonbein H, Fluid dynamics and hemorheology in vivo: the interactions of hemodynamic parameters and hemorheological “properties” in determining the flow behavior of blood in microvascular networks, in: Clinical Blood Rheology, Lowe GDO, ed, CRC Press, FL, pp. 129-219. (1988)

[32] Schmid-Schonbein H, Malotta H, Striesow F, Tijdschr NVKC, 15, 88 (1990)

[33] Shin S, Ku Y, Park MS, Suh JS, Cytometry Part B (Clinical Cytometry), 65, 6 (2005)

[34] Szokoly M, Nemeth N, Hamar J, Furka I, Miko I, Microsurgery, 26, 585 (2006)

[35] Uyuklu M, Meiselman HJ, Baskurt OK, Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc., 41, 179 (2009)

[36] Weed RI, La Celle PL, Merrill EW, J. Clin. Invest., 48, 795 (1969)

[37] Whitmore RL, The dynamics of the circulation, in: Rheology of the circulation, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 62-63 (1968)

[38] Whittaker SRF, Winton FR, J. Physiol. -London, 78, 339 (1933)

[39] Windberger U, Baskurt OK, Comparative hemorheology, in: Handbook of Hemorheology and Hemodynamics, Baskurt OK, Hardeman MR, Rampling MW, Meiselman HJ, eds, IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 267-285 (2007)

[40] Yilmaz F, Gundogdu MY, Korea-Aust. Rheol. J., 20(4), 197 (2008)