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In Situ, Vol.20, No.1, 1-40, 1996
Multiprobe wireline formation tester pressure behavior in crossflow-layered reservoirs
This paper presents new analytic solutions for the pressure behavior of the multiprobe wireline formation tester in layered reservoirs with crossflow, where the rock and fluid properties may change vertically as a function of z. These solutions are applicable to layered systems that can be unbounded and/or bounded by no-flow and/or constant-pressure boundary planes in the z direction. The system is assumed to be unbounded in the x and y directions. New solutions are also presented for the multiprobe wireline tester in single-layer reservoirs. All solutions are presented in the Laplace transform domain; the tool line volume storage and skin effects can therefore be easily incorporated. The new solutions are derived by utilizing the reflection and transmission concept of electromagnetics to solve fluid-flow problems in three-dimensional layered reservoirs, where nonhomogeneity is in only one direction. The Green's function for a point source in a three-dimensional layered system is presented by using the reflection and transmission method. The point-source solution is sufficiently general that it may be applied to a wide variety of fluid-flow and well-testing problems involving single-phase flow. The solutions are applied to two layered-reservoir examples. The first example is for a six-layer moderately stratified reservoir. The second one is for a twenty-layer highly laminated reservoir, where the permeability contrast among the layers is very high. These two examples provide some ideas for the pressure behavior of the multiprobe wireline formation tester in layered reservoirs.