A high-resolution impedance study of the hydrogen oxidation in Ni/8YSZ (yttria-stabilized zirconia) cermet anodes has been realized in consideration of a broad range of operating conditions (temperature and partial pressure of fuel gas components H-2, H2O, N-2, He). A major problem in this respect concerns the origin and physical interpretation of empirical equivalent circuits used to fit the experimental data. We applied a two-stage approach for the evaluation of the impedance data: (i) at first, by the deconvolution of a distribution function of relaxation times (DRT), four different processes and their characteristic relaxation times have been identified. Two processes at frequencies < 1 kHz represent a gas-conversion process or, respectively, a gas diffusion, whereas two processes at higher frequencies (2-30 kHz) are associated with the electro-oxidation of hydrogen at active sites, including the charge transfer reaction and the ionic transport. (ii) Subsequently, the last mentioned processes were fitted to a "transmission line" model describing the electronic and ionic transport properties of the Ni/8YSZ cermet. The high resolution of the DRT combined with the numeric accuracy of the complex nonlinear least square (CNLS) fit enabled us to determine (i) the effective ionic conductivity of the Ni/8YSZ cermet, (ii) the spatial extension of the electrochemically active area adjacent to the electrolyte/electrode interface, and (iii) the charge transfer resistance and its thermal activation energy. (c) 2008 The Electrochemical Society.