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Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.156, No.6, H424-H429, 2009
Structure and Electric Properties in Tin-Doped Zinc Oxide Films Synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Tin-doped zinc oxide, (Zn, Sn)O-delta, films were prepared using a pulsed laser deposition method to elucidate the effects of Sn doping in ZnO films. The film obtained was < 001 >-oriented wurtzite type when the Sn concentration was 10% or less, while < 111 >-oriented SnZn2O4 was the major phase when the Sn concentration was more than 10%. The lattice parameters of the wurtzite-type (Zn, Sn)O-delta increased with increasing Sn concentration, and Raman spectra showed corresponding systematic changes with Sn concentration. However, the electron concentration measured by the Hall effect was not proportional to the Sn concentration, although the tetravalent Sn ion, a possible double-donor impurity, was introduced into the ZnO lattice. The charge compensation mechanism in the (Zn, Sn)O-delta films is discussed in relation to imperfections in the crystalline structure.
Keywords:doping profiles;electrical conductivity;Hall effect;II-VI semiconductors;impurities;lattice constants;pulsed laser deposition;Raman spectra;semiconductor thin films;tin;wide band gap semiconductors;zinc compounds