We prepared multiwalled carbon nanotube/polystyrene (MWCNT/PS) nanocomposites using a latex-based process, the main step of which consists of directly mixing an aqueous suspension of exfoliated MWCNTs and a PS latex, both stabilized by an anionic surfactant. After freeze drying and compression molding homogeneous polymer films with well-dispersed carbon nanotubes were produced as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. Conductivity measurements performed on our nano-composite films show that they have a low percolation threshold and exhibit high levels of electrical conductivity above this threshold. We observe that both these properties are influenced by the applied processing conditions, i.e., temperature and time, and provide a plausible explanation based on the diffusive motion of the MWNTs in the polymer melt during the compression molding stage. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.