Endlinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) networks synthesized from telechelic precursor chains of different molar mass were prepared with varying volume fractions of non-reactive chains acting as solvent. Uniaxial extension and compression measurements were performed on these networks to investigate their stress-strain behaviour. The effect of the network structure and of solvent on the stress-strain behaviour is examined by controlling the extent of crosslinks and entanglements during the network synthesis. The master curve of the Rubinstein and Panyukov non-affine slip-tube (NAST) model provide an adequate fit to most of the extension and compression data. Furthermore, the crosslink and entanglement parameters of the NAST model (G(c) and G(e)) are found to be in general in reasonable agreement with the 2C(1) and 2C(2) parameters of the Mooney-Rivlin continuum model applied to the extension data. For high molar mass precursor chains, the entanglement contribution to the modulus surpasses the crosslink contribution. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.