Phosphonium ionic liquid: trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride (Cyphos (R) IL 101) has been used as a novel reagent in the presence of toluene to extract palladium(II) from hydrochloric acid solutions of various concentrations. Extraction data indicate that Cyphos (R) IL 101 is a very efficient and fast extractant. The increase in HCl concentration has negative influence on the extraction and about 97 and 54% of palladium(II) can be effectively extracted with Cyphos (R) IL 101 from 0.1 and 3M HCl, respectively. The equilibrium of palladium(II) extraction from aqueous 0.1 and 3M HCl with this phosphonium ionic liquid is achieved after 5 min. Successful stripping of palladium(II) from the loaded organic phase is achieved with 0.5M ammonia solution. Cyphos (R) IL 101 can be reused at least in 5 cycles of extraction-stripping process. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.