The search for new strategies to enhance the oxide ionic conductivity in oxide materials is a very active field of research. These materials are needed for application in a new generation of more efficient and durable solid state electrochemical devices such as reduced-temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC's). Recently published results have claimed that sputtered yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ)/SrTiO3 (STO) heterostructures show enhanced oxygen ion conductivity, by about eight orders of magnitude, with respect to that expected for YSZ and STO bulk values. The YSZ/STO heterostructures obtained in this work from Pulsed Laser Deposited (PLD) films, also show enhanced conductivity of a similar order. However, the fact that our structures show different relative orientations indicates that the conductivity enhancement may not be associated to a particular crystallographic arrangement at the interface. The combined characterisation of the conductivity dependence on oxygen partial pressure and direct oxygen diffusion by means of tracer experiments clearly demonstrate that the enhancement observed is related to the electronic rather than ionic conductivity. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.