Influence of disinfection on bacterial regrowth in pilot distribution system

Young-Cheol Chang; Andrew Andy Randall; OnYou Choi; DuBok Choi; Hoon Cho; Shintaro Kikuchi

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.27, No.6, 1860-1863, November, 2010

DOI10.1007/s11814-010-0286-4 Export Citation

Influence of disinfection on bacterial regrowth in pilot distribution system

Young-Cheol Chang, Andrew Andy Randall¹, OnYou Choi², DuBok Choi², Hoon Cho^{3, †}, and Shintaro Kikuchi

Division of Applied Sciences, College of Environmental Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050-8585, Hokkaido, Japan
¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 162450, Orlando, Florida 32816-2450, USA
²Department of Environmental health, Cho-dang University, 419, Songnam-ri, Muan-up, Muan-gun, Jeonnam 534-800, Korea
³Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea

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A correlation between heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and chloramine residual in pilot distribution systems (PDSs) was investigated. The data was derived from an AWWARF (the Awwa Research Foundation) and Tampa Bay Water tailored collaboration project to determine the effect of blending different waters on distribution system water quality. Seven different finished waters were produced from surface, ground, or simulated brackish water sources on site and fed to 18 independent PDSs, either as a single finished water or as a blend of several finished waters. Significantly higher numbers for PDS HPC were observed below 0.06 mg/L of combined chlorine residual. Changes in assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels between influent and effluent of the PDSs increased as disinfectant dosage decreased in distribution systems. Significant differences between input and output AOC (ΔAOC) were observed when the chloramine residual was less than 1.0 mg/L, and particularly when less than 0.5 mg/L. High HPC counts often occurred when chloramine residual was less than 0.5 mg/L, regardless of AOC levels or AOC stability. However AOC instability could occur at high influent AOC levels even in the presence of residual greater than 0.5 mg/L, with corresponding high HPC counts.

Keywords:Assimilable Organic Carbon;Biostability;Chloramine;Pilot Distribution System

[References]

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[1] Geldreich EE, Nash HD, Reasoner DJ, Taylor RH, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 64, 596 (1972)

[2] Maul A, Shaarawi EL, Block JC, Sci. Total Environ., 44, 201 (1985)

[3] Maul A, Shaarawi EL, Block JC, Sci. Total Environ., 44, 215 (1985)

[4] Lechevallier MW, Babcock TM, Lee RG, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 53, 2714 (1987)

[5] Candy JP, Angels ML, Water Res., 35, 2677 (2001)

[6] Ollos PJ, Slawson RM, Huck PM, Wat. Sci. Tech., 38, 275 (1998)

[7] Lechevallier MW, Lowry CD, Lee RG, Gibbon DL, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 82, 87 (1990)

[8] Skadsen J, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 85, 95 (1993)

[9] Power K, Nagy LA, Report No. 4 Urban Water Research Association of Australia, Melbourne, Vic. 16 (1989)

[10] Neden DG, Jones RJ, Smith JR, Kirmeyer GJ, Foust GW, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 84, 80 (1992)

[11] Debeer D, Srinivasan R, Stewart PS, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 4339 (1994)

[12] Van der kooij D, Veenendaal HR, Baars-Lorist C, Van der klift DW, Drost YC, Water Res., 23, 1313 (1995)

[13] Jones K, Bradshaw SB, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 80, 458 (1996)

[14] Norton CD, Lechevallier MW, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 89, 66 (1997)

[15] Momba MNB, Cloete TE, Venter SN, Kfir R, Water Sci. Technol., 38, 2863 (1998)

[16] Vikesland PJ, Valentine RL, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 83 (2000)

[17] Smith SE, Ta T, Holt DM, Delanoue A, Colbourne JS, Chamberlain AHL, Lloyd BJ, J. Inst. Water Environ. Manage., 13, 7 (1999)

[18] Hallam NB, West JR, Forster CF, Simms J, Water Res., 35, 4063 (2001)

[19] Niquette P, Servais P, Savoir R, Water Res., 35, 675 (2001)

[20] Zhang W, Digiano FA, Water Res., 36, 1469 (2002)

[21] American Public Health Association: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 19th Ed., Washington, DC (1995)

[22] Lechevallier MW, Lowry CD, Lee RG, Gibbon DL, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 85, 111 (1993)

[23] Van der kooij D, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 84, 57 (1992)

[24] Escobar I, Randall AA, J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 91, 76 (1999)

[25] Escobar I, Randall AA, Water Res., 34, 1680 (2000)

[26] Escobar I, Randall AA, Water Res., 35, 4444 (2001)