This paper describes a facile strategy for fabricating arrays of two-and three-dimensional gold nanostructures using PDMS-infiltrated polystyrene (PS) colloidal crystals. PDMS molding of colloidal crystal, gold vapor deposition, and subsequent calcination of PS produced gold thin layers over hexagonal PDMS microwell arrays with hemispherical air-voids of approximately 140 nm on glass substrates. Vapor deposition of perfluoroalkylsilane thin layers improved the thermal stability of the colloidal template over 100 degrees C, providing a route to preparation of hollow architectures with gold thin layers supported by PDMS nanostructures. Surface modification of the PDMS using poly(allylamine hydrochloride) induced two-dimensional colloidal crystals of PS and PMMA spheres through electrostatic interactions. Particle aggregation of 13 nm gold nanoparticles in the PDMS microwells demonstrated a surface plasmon resonance band red-shifted to 810 nm, in comparison with that on the flat surface at 720 nm. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.