We aimed to investigate whether polymorphisms LEP G-2548A and LEPR Q223R in the human leptin (LEP). and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes are associated with obesity and metabolic traits in a sample of Romanian population. Two hundred and two subjects divided in obese (body mass index, BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)), and non-obese were included in this study The polymorphisms were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The results showed no significant differences in LEP and LEPR genotype and allele frequencies between obese and non-obese subjects. Logistic regression analysis showed that LEP -2548GG genotype presented an increased risk of obesity (p = 0 013, OR = 1 003, 95% CI = 1,000-1,007), after adjusting for age and gender. The association analysis with metabolic syndrome quantitative traits showed that homozygous for LEP -2548G allele had significantly higher leptin levels (17 2 +/- 6.6 ng/ml vs. 13 2 +/- 4.9 ng/ml, p = 0.011), and carriers of R allele had higher levels of triglycerides (p = 0.017) and glucose (p = 0 040), and enhanced systolic (p = 0.015) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0 026). after adjustment for age, gender, and BMI. These results indicate that LEP G-2548A and LEPR Q223R SNPs may not be considered as genetic risk factors for obesity in a sample of Romanian population However, LEP -2548GG genotype appear to be important in regulating leptin levels, whereas the LEPR 223R allele might predispose healthy subjects to develop metabolic disturbances. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.