Transgenic cotton plants were developed by pistil drip inoculation in a solution containing Agrobacterium carrying a gene for resistance to the herbicide Basta (bar), 10% (w/v) sucrose, 0.05% (v/v) Silwet L-77 and 40 mg acetosyringone l(-1). Pistil drip during 17:00-19:00 on the first day of flowering resulted in 0.07-0.17% Basta-resistant plants/number of viable seeds generated, and stigma excision prior to pistil drip during this time period gave rise to a transformation efficiency of 0.46-0.93%, in contrast with 0.04-0.06% generated from pistil drip during 9:00-11:00 on the second day of flowering. PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed the integration of the bar gene into the cotton genome, and a T1 and T2 generation herbicide resistance test consistently revealed expression and stable heritability of the bar gene in the two generations.