In this paper, we gave a novel evolution model of amino acids, proposed 'evolution index' of 20 amino acids grounded on the a process of stepwise subdividing 'synonymous codon domain'. Meanwhile, the rationale was given as to how the 'evolution index' of amino acids can be used for predictive science by comparing our result with that of co-evolution theory. Then, by reducing an amino acids sequence into a single numerical sequence, we brought forward a new graphical representation scheme and analyzed the similarity between 10 species with only one invariant. Furthermore, as an extended study, the relationship between 27 antifreeze proteins is got. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.