Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) with high safety characteristic usually have high viscosity and melting point, which is adverse for the application of RTIL-based electrolytes in Li-ion batteries. In this investigation, a promising RTIL, i.e. PP13TFSI consisting of N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium (PP13) cation and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion is synthesized. The effect of the content of Li salt in the electrolytes containing PP13TFSI and LiTFSI on the ionic conductivity and cell performance is investigated. The electrolyte of 0.3 mol kg(-1) LiTFSI/PP13TFSI is recommended for its higher lithium transference number and discharge capacity in the LiCoO2/Li cell than other electrolytes. In addition, it is found that, by introducing 20% diethyl carbonate (DEC) as a co-solvent into pure RTIL electrolyte, the rate capability and low-temperature performance of the LiCoO2/Li cells are improved obviously, without sacrificing its safety characteristics. It suggests that a component with low viscosity and melting point, i.e. DEC, is necessary to effectively overcome the shortcomings of RTIL for the application in Li-ion batteries. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.