The aim of this study was to determine the amount of input output energy used in potato production and to make an economic analysis of potato production in Hamadan province, Iran. Data for the production of potatoes were collected from 100 producers by using a face to face questionnaire method. The population investigated was divided into two groups. Group I was consisted of 68 farmers (owner of machinery and high level of farming technology) and Group II of 32 farmers (non-owner of machinery and low level of farming technology). The results revealed that 153071.40 MI ha(-1) energy consumed by Group I and 157151.12 MJ ha(-1) energy consumed by Group II. The energy ratio, energy productivity, specific energy, net energy gain and energy intensiveness were calculated. The net energy of potato production in Group I and Group II was 4110.95 MJ ha(-1) and 21744.67 MJ ha(-1), respectively. Cost analysis showed that total cost of potato production in Groups land II were 4784.68 and 4172.64 $ ha(-1), respectively. The corresponding, benefit to cost ratio from potato production in the surveyed groups were 1.09 and 0.96, respectively. It was concluded that extension activities are needed to improve the efficiency of energy consumption in potato production. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.