TiO2 and Fe-x/TiO2 nanofibers were prepared using collagen fiber as the template and Ti(SO4)(2) as the titanium source, on which titanium (Ti4+) or titanium (Ti4+)/iron (Fe3+) were loaded, respectively, and then heat-treated. The structure and physical properties of these nanofibers were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, specific surface analyzer, and UV vis absorption spectra. It was found that iron ions may substitute for some lattice titanium atoms and form a Ti-O-Fe structure. The TiO2 and Fe-x/TiO2 nanofibers were all anatase phase when sintered at 600 degrees C for 4 h. The N-2 adsorption desorption isotherms of TiO2 and Fe-x/TiO2 nanofibers were the typical type IV, which associated with the characteristics of mesoporous materials. Compared with Degussa P25, the absorbance wavelength of obtained TiO2 and Fe-x/TiO2 nanofibers was red shift and the band gap energy was decreased. The obtained TiO2 and Fe-x/TiO2 nanofibers exhibited excellent visible light catalytic activity for degradation of orange II.