Sulfonated polystyrene-based ionic polymer.metal composite (IPMC) actuator

Mohammad Luqman; Jang-Woo Lee; Kwang-Kil Moona; Young-Tai Yoo

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.17, No.1, 49-55, January, 2011

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Sulfonated polystyrene-based ionic polymer.metal composite (IPMC) actuator

Mohammad Luqman¹, Jang-Woo Lee^{1, 2}, Kwang-Kil Moona^{1, 2}, and Young-Tai Yoo^{1, 2, †}

¹Artificial Muscle Research Center, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
²Department of Materials Chemistry and Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea

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Herein, we report the actuation performance of a cost-effective sulfonated polystyrene (sPS)-based IPMC, and its comparison with that of a Nafion-based IPMC. It was observed that the current density (810 vs. 456 mA/cm2), the tip displacement (ca. 44 vs. 23 mm), the response rate (ca. 10.3 vs. 2.9 mm at starting 3 s) and the blocking force (ca. 2.76 vs. 1.51 gf) were significantly higher for the sPS-IPMC compared to those for the Nafion-IPMC. Additionally, the sPS-IPMC showed very slow back relaxation. With the aid of the scanning electron microscopy for themorphological analysis and various methods for quantitative analysis, we found that the excellent electromechanical response of the sPS-IPMC was due to the smoother and thicker electrode layer, the higher tensile modulus, the enhanced hydraulic force based on the higher water uptake and higher ion exchange capacity (IEC) value than those of the Nafion- IPMC. The sPS-based IPMCs seem to be one of the promising alternatives of the conventional expensive IPMCs.

Keywords:Sulfonated polystyrene;Ionomers;Ionic polymer.metal composites (IPMCs);Actuators;Artificial muscles

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Shahinpoor M, Kim KJ, Smart Mater. Struct., 14, 197 (2005)
Nasser SN, Li JY, J. Appl. Phys., 87, 3321 (2000)
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[3] Shahinpoor M, Kim KJ, Smart Mater. Struct., 14, 197 (2005)

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[5] Madden JDW, Vandesteeg AN, Anquetil PA, Madden PGA, Takshi A, Pytel RZ, Lafontaine SR, Wieringa PA, Hunter IW, IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 20, 706 (2004)

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[7] Shahinpoor M, Kim KJ, Appl. Phys. Lett., 80, 3445 (2002)

[8] Akle BJ, Leo DJ, Hickner MA, Mcgrath JE, J. Mater. Sci., 40(14), 3715 (2005)

[9] Akle BJ, Bennett MD, Leo DJ, Proc., SPIE., 5759, 153 (2005)

[10] Kim SJ, Kim MS, Shin SR, Kim IY, Kim SI, Lee SH, Lee TS, Spinks GM, Smart Mater. Struct., 14, 889 (2005)

[11] Phillips AK, Moore RB, Polymer, 46(18), 7788 (2005)

[12] Han MJ, Park JH, Lee JY, Jho JY, Macromol. Rapid Commun., 27(3), 219 (2006)

[13] Wang XL, Oh IK, Lu J, Ju J, Lee S, Mater. Lett., 61, 5117 (2007)

[14] Lu J, Kim SG, Lee S, Oh IK, Smart Mater. Struct., 17, 045002 (2008)

[15] Zeng T, Claus R, Zhang F, Du W, Cooper KL, Smart Mater. Struct., 10, 780 (2001)

[16] Jeong HM, Woo SM, Lee S, Cha GC, Mun MS, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99, 1732 (2005)

[17] Hong C, Nam JD, Tak Y, J. Korean Electrochem. Soc., 9, 137 (2006)

[18] Jeong HY, Kim BK, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 99(5), 2687 (2006)

[19] Bartholome C, Derre´ A , Roubeau O, Zakri C, Poulin P, Nanotechnology., 19, 325501 (2008)

[20] Neburchilov V, Martin J, Wang HJ, Zhang JJ, J. Power Sources, 169(2), 221 (2007)

[21] Carretta N, Tricoli V, Picchioni F, J. Membr. Sci., 166(2), 189 (2000)

[22] Rubinger CPL, Martins CR, Paoli MAD, Rubinger RM, Sens. Actuators B., 123, 42 (2007)

[23] Makowski HS, Lundberg RD, Singhal GH, Flexible polymeric compositions comprising a normally plastic polymer sulfonated to about 0.2 to about 10 mol% sulfonate, U.S. Patent 3870841 (1975)

[24] Asaka K, Oguro K, Nishimura Y, Mizuhata M, Takenaka H, Polym. J., 27, 436 (1995)

[25] Nguyen VK, Lee JW, Yoo YT, Sens. Actuators B., 120, 529 (2007)

[26] Lee JH, Nam JD, Sens. Actuators A., 118, 98 (2005)

[27] Nasser SN, Wu Y, J. Appl. Phys., 93, 5255 (2003)

[28] Tamagawa H, Yagasaki K, Nogata F, J. Appl. Phys., 92, 7614 (2002)

[29] Eisenberg A, Kim JS, Introduction to Ionomers, first ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1998)

[30] Tant MR, Mauritz KA, Wilkes GL, Ionomers: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications, first ed., Blackie Academic Professional, New York (1996)