The effect of 0.4% Ca on the in vitro corrosion behavior of Mg-1.2% Nd-0.5% Y-0.5% Zr was evaluated in a simulated physiological environment in the form of 0.9% NaCl solution saturated with Mg(OH)(2) at ambient temperature and at 37 A degrees C. The microstructure examination was carried out using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The corrosion behavior was evaluated by immersion test, salt spray testing, and potentiodynamic polarization analysis. The stress corrosion behavior was examined using slow strain rate testing analysis in different strain rates. The results obtained have shown that the addition of 0.4% Ca has a beneficial effect on the corrosion resistance of the tested alloy. This was mainly attributed to the effect of calcium, which reduces oxidation in the molten condition and consequently improves the soundness of the obtained casting. Hence, it is believed that the reduction in the extent of inherent casting defects in the alloy containing calcium overcomes the detrimental micro-galvanic effect of the Mg2Ca phase that was formed in the tested alloy. Contrary to the beneficial effect of calcium on the corrosion performance, the addition of calcium has a damaging effect on the stress corrosion behavior in terms of reduced ultimate tensile strength and ductility. This was mainly due to the embrittlement effect of calcium that was generated by the formation and distribution of Mg2Ca phase at grain boundaries.