Anionic polymerizations of three 1,3-butadiene derivatives containing different N,N-dialkyl amide functions, N,N-diisopropylamide (DiPA), piperidineamide (PiA), and cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidineamide (DMPA) were performed under various conditions, and their polymerization behavior was compared with that of N,N-diethylamide analogue (DEA), which was previously reported. When polymerization of DiPA was performed at -78 degrees C with potassium counter ion, only trace amounts of oligomers were formed, whereas polymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution were obtained in moderate yield when DiPA was polymerized at 0 degrees C in the presence of LiCI. Decrease in molecular weight and broadening of molecular weight distribution were observed when polymerization was performed at a higher temperature of 20 degrees C, presumably because of the effect of ceiling temperature. In the case of DMPA, no polymer was formed at 0 degrees C and polymers with relatively broad molecular weight distributions (M-w/M-n = 1.2) were obtained at 20 degrees C. The polymerization rate of PiA was much faster than that of the other monomers, and poly(PiA) was obtained in high yield even at 78 degrees C in 24 h. The microstructure of the resulting polymers were exclusively 1,4-for poly(DMPA), whereas 20-30% of the 1,2-structure was contained in poly(DiPA) and poly(PiA). (C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 3714-3721, 2010