SmYb1-xGdxZr2O7 (0 <= x <= 1.0) ceramics were pressureless-sintered at 1973 K for 10 h in air. The relative density, structure and electrical conductivity of SmYb1-xGdxZr2O7 ceramics were investigated by the Archimedes method, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and impedance spectroscopy measurements. SmYb1-xGdxZr2O7 (0 <= x <= 0.5) ceramics exhibit a defect fluorite-type structure, while SmYb1-xGdxZr2O7 (0.7 <= x <= 1.0) ceramics have a pyrochlore-type structure. The measured values of the electrical conductivities obey the Arrhenius relation. The grain conductivity of each composition in SmYb1-xGdxZr2O7 ceramics increases with increasing temperature from 723 to 1173 K. The grain conductivity of SmYb1-xGdxZr2O7 ceramics gradually increases with increasing gadolinium content at identical temperature levels. An increase of about one order of magnitude in grain conductivity is found at all temperature levels when the gadolinium content increases from 0.5 to 0.7. SmYb1-xGdxZr2O7 ceramics are oxide-ion conductors in the oxygen partial pressure range of 1.0 x 10(-4) to 1.0 atm at all test temperature levels. The highest grain conductivity value obtained in this work is 2.69 x 10(-2) S cm(-1) at 1173 K for SmGdZr2O7 ceramic. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.