In this work, we design and synthesize a kind of amphiphilic mushroom cap-shaped particles with wettability difference on the opposite sides of the particles. Colloidal crystals consisting of uniformly oriented anisotropic particles were fabricated on the water-air interface based on the wettability difference of particles. This simple approach offers a new way for self-assembly of anisotropic colloidal crystal by amphiphilic design of particles.