In the present study, we aimed to represent a novel approach to fabricate polyurethane nanofibers containing copper nanoparticles (NPs) by simple electrospinning process. A simple method, not depending on additional foreign chemicals, has been employed to utilize prepared copper NPs in polyurethane nanofibers. Typically, a colloidal gel consisting of copper NPs and polyurethane has been electrospun. SEM-EDX and TEM results confirmed well oriented nanofibers and good dispersion of pure copper NPs. Copper NPs have diameter in the range of 5-10 nm. The thermal stability of the synthesized nanofibers was examined for identifying the proper settlement of copper NPs among the nanofibers, according to the concentrations used in original solutions. Furthermore, XRD results well demonstrated crystalline feature of copper NPs. Model microorganisms Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtillus had been used to check the antimicrobial efficacy of these nanofiber mats. Subsequently, antimicrobial tests have indicated that the prepared nanofibers do posses good bactericidal effect. Accordingly, it is noted that the obtained nanofiber mats can be used as future filter membranes with good antimicrobial activities. Published by Elsevier B.V.