Mutations in the parkin gene are the most common cause of autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). As an E3-ubiquitin ligase, Parkin is associated with mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Mortalin, a molecular chaperone, is located primarily in mitochondria, where it functions to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and antagonize oxidative stress injury. A reduced expression level of mortalin has been observed in the affected brain regions of PD patients. Mortalin also interacts with a variety of PD-related proteins and plays an indispensible role in helping native protein refolding and importing proteins into the mitochondrial matrix. Thus, the main aims of the present study were to investigate mitochondrial dysfunction induced by knockdown of mortalin and to test whether Parkin overexpression could rescue this effect. We found that lentivirus-mediated knockdown of mortalin in HeLa cells resulted in a collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, an abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species and apparent alterations in mitochondrial morphology under H2O2-induced stress conditions. Remarkably, Parkin overexpression rescued these mitochondrial abnormalities. In HeLa cells expressing Parkin, co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous mortalin and wild-type Parkin was detected when they were treated with carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). In conclusion, we indicate that the relatively decreased mortalin expression level and its impaired interaction with Parkin could affect its roles in mitochondrial function. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.