A unified methodology that can be used to identify the interactions between the utilities systems and the process, as well as their impacts on the implementation of energy efficiency measures is presented. It takes into account steam and water systems to analyze the process and formulate energy enhancement measures. It has been applied to an operating Kraft mill in Eastern Canada. The methodology consists of five stages: base-case process definition and characterization, pre-benchmarking, systems interactions analysis, implementation strategy and post-benchmarking. A simulation focused on the energy and water systems is first developed and used as basis of the analysis. The pre-benchmarking characterizes the current energy efficiency of the process by three techniques: energy and exergy content indicators, comparison to the current industrial practice and establishing targets for minimum energy and water requirements determined by the Thermal Pinch and Water Pinch methods. The systems interactions are analyzed to develop complementary energy efficiency measures by applying several energy enhancing techniques. A three-phase strategy is proposed to implement the identified measures. The application of the unified methodology results in an eco-friendly process that does not require fossil fuel for steam production and generates revenues by producing green electricity from biomass. In the case study presented, very significant energy gains have been proposed (26.6% steam requirement reduction and 33.6% fresh water intake reduction). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.