This study discusses the impact of different operating parameters on the bed material particle size and heavy metal distribution, and evaluates the impact of bed material heavy metal on the environment through TCLP and Vibrio fischeri test. The experimental results show that the bed material particle size distribution inclines to smaller particle sizes as the operating temperature increases. When there is Na, the particle size increases due to the agglomeration of eutectic. As for the heavy metal distribution, the combination of the fine particle sizes (<0.59mm) with a large surface area and the large particle sizes with multiple eutectics has a higher heavy metal concentration. According to the results of leaching concentration of bed materials with different particle sizes, the heavy metals with large (>0.84 mm) and fine (<0.59 mm) particle sizes have the maximum leaching concentration. As for the biological toxicity, when the temperature is 700 ℃ or Na concentration is 0.3%, the biological toxicity is at its maximum, which may due to a high accumulation of heavy metals.