Energy is an inevitable necessity for human beings, but the energy source is predicted to be scarce in the coming years as a result of population growth. Therefore, people prefer energy sources that are renewable, clean, and cost effective. On the other hand, rapid industrialization and urbanization, especially over the past three decades, have provided better living standards to citizens throughout the world; while it also caused relatively higher pressure on the nation's natural resources, especially on the fossil fuel resources, and a decrease in environmental quality due to growth in the economy and population. This article reviews fossil energy sources, climate change, and alternative solutions.