Reaction of Cp*(PMe3)IrPh(OH) (1) with nitriles is undetectably slow in benzene solution at room temperature, However, in the presence of Cp*(PMe3)IrPh(OTf) (2) (OTf = O3SCF3), the reaction is strongly catalyzed, leading to iridium(III) carboxamides Cp*(PMe3)IrPh[NHC(O)R] (6a-d) [R = C6H4CH3 (6a), C6H5 (6b), C6H4CF3 (6c), CH3 (6d)]. We propose that these transformations occur by initial displacement of the trifluoromethanesulfonate ("triflate") anion of 2 by a molecule of nitrile, leading to a nitrile-substituted iridium cation, [Cp*(PMe3)IrPh(NCR)](+) (10). Following this, the nucleophilic hydroxide group of 1 attacks the (activated) nitrile molecule hound in 10, leading (after proton transfer) to the iridium carboxamide complex. In the case of nitriles possessing hydrogens or to the cyano group, competitive loss of one of these protons is observed, leading to iridium C-bound cyanoenolates such as Cp*(PMe3)(Ph)Ir(CH2CN) (7). Protonolysis of carboxamides 6a-d with HCl yields Cp*(PMe3)IrPh(Cl) (9) and the free amides. A pronounced solvent effect is observed when the reaction between 1 and nitriles catalyzed by 2 is carried out in THF solution. The basic hydroxide ligand of I induces an overall dehydration/cyclization reaction of the coordinated aromatic nitrile. For example, the reaction of 1 with p-trifluorotolunitrile and a catalytic amount of 2 leads to the formation of 6c, water, [Ph(PMe3)Ir[C5Me3CH2C(C6H4CF3)N]] (12), and [Ph(PMe3)Ir(C5Me4CH2C(C6H4CF3)NH)]OTf (13). A mechanism to explain the formation of both 12 and 13 and the role each compound plays in the formation of the iridium carboxamides is proposed.