Manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots (Mn:ZnS d-dots) with high optical quality, pure dopant emission of 55-65% photoluminescence quantum yield, were synthesized in octadecene media with generic starting materials, namely, zinc (manganese) carboxylic acid salts, S powder, and dodecanethiol (DDT) based on a "nucleation doping" strategy. The optical properties and structure of the obtained Mn:ZnS d-dots have been characterized by UV-vis, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The resulting nearly monodisperse d-dots were found to be of spherical shape with a zinc-blende crystal structure. The influences of various experimental variables, induding the reaction temperature for the MnS core nanocluster and ZnS host material, the amount of octadecene (ODE)-S, DDT, as well as Zn/Mn ratio have been systematically investigated. The use of DDT as capping ligand ensured the reproducible access to a stable small-sized MnS core. This paves the way for reproducibly obtaining highly luminescent d-dots. Programmed overcoating temperature for growth of ZnS shell was employed to realize balanced diffusion of the Mn ions in the d-dots.