Inorganic Chemistry, Vol.50, No.20, 10460-10471, 2011
Dipeptide-Based Models of Nickel Superoxide Dismutase: Solvent Effects Highlight a Critical Role to Ni-S Bonding and Active Site Stabilization
Nickel superoxide dismutase (Ni-SOD) catalyzes the disproportionation of the superoxide radical to O-2 and H2O2 utilizing the Ni(III/II) redox couple. The Ni center in Ni-SOD resides in an unusual coordination environment that is distinct from other SODs. In the reduced state (Ni-SODred) Ni(II) is ligated to a primary amine-N from His1, anionic carboxamido-N/thiolato-S from Cys2, and a second thiolato-S from Cys6 to complete a NiN2S2 square-planar coordination motif. Utilizing the dipeptide N2S2- ligand, H2N-Gly-L-Cys-OMe (GC-oMeH(2)), an accurate model of the structural and electronic contributions provided by His1 and Cys2 in Ni-SODred, we constructed the dinuclear sulfur-bridged metallosynthon, [Ni-2(GC-OMe)(2)] (1). From 1 we prepared the following monomeric Ni(II)-N2S2 complexes: K[Ni(GC-OMe)(SC6H4-p-Cl)] (2), K[Ni(GC-OMe)(SBu)] (3), K[Ni(GC-OMe)(SC6H4-p-OMe)] (4), and K[Ni(GC-OMe)(SNAc)] (5). The design strategy in utilizing GC-OMe2- is analogous to one which we reported before (see Inorg. Chem. 2009, 48, 5620 and Inorg. Chem. 2010, 49, 7080) where Ni-SODred active site mimics can be assembled at will with electronically variant RS- ligands. Discussed herein is our initial account pertaining to the aqueous behavior of isolable, small-molecule Ni-SOD model complexes (non-maquette based). Spectroscopic (FTIR, UV-vis, ESI-MS, XAS) and electrochemical (CV) measurements suggest that 2-5 successfully simulate many of the electronic features of Ni-SODred. Furthermore, the aqueous studies reveal a dynamic behavior with regard to RS- lability and bridging interactions, suggesting a stabilizing role brought about by the protein architecture.