trans-Hexatriene-1-C-13(1) (tHTE-1-C-13(1)) has been synthesized, and its high-resolution (0.0015 cm(-1)) infrared spectrum has been recorded. The rotational structure in the C.-type bands for v(26) at 1011 cm(-1) and v(30) at 894 cm(-1) has been analyzed. To the 1458 ground state combination differences from these bands, ground state rotational constants were fitted to a Watson-type Hamiltonian to give A(0) = 0.8728202(9), B-0 = 0.0435868(4), and C-0 = 0.0415314(2) cm(-1). Upper state rotational constants for the v(30) band were also fitted. Predictions of the ground state rotational constants for tHTE-1-C-13(1) from a B3LYP/cc-pVTZ model with scale factors based on the normal species were in excellent agreement with observations. Similar good agreement was found between predicted and observed ground state rotational constants for the three C-13(1) isotopologues of cis-hexatriene, as determined from microwave spectroscopy. Equilibrium rotational constants for tHTE and its three C-13(1) isotopologues, of which two were predicted, were used to find a semiexperimental equilibrium structure for the C-6 backbone of tHTE. This structure shows increased structural effects of pi-electron delocalization in comparison with butadiene and some differences from the cis isomer of HTE. Structures predicted with the MP2/cc-pVTZ model are also compared.