The synthesis and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) polymer brushes produced by activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) in atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was discussed. The polymer brushes were synthesized by esterification of the MWCNT carboxylic acid groups with hydroxyethyl-2-bromoisobutyrate and subsequently used in ARGET ATRP. This created a well defined living polymer brush carbon nanotube of comparatively low polydispersity and a polymer layer 10 nm thick. As, ARGET ATRP uses only minute concentrations of copper (II) catalyst, and is less sensitive to air compared to other living polymerization techniques, this process is a more industry-compatible route for the commercialization of such materials. The structural and chemical properties were explored by a range of techniques including high resolution transmission electron microscopy, gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, the polymer brush nanotubes were explored for their potential use in films and as fillers. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 49: 4283-4291, 2011