Macromolecules, Vol.44, No.21, 8433-8445, 2011
Development of Micellar Novel Drug Carrier Utilizing Temperature-Sensitive Block Copolymers Containing Cyclodextrin Moieties
A drug-delivery system for albendazole (ABZ) based on beta-cyclodextrin has been synthesized. Well-defined statistical copolymers, composed of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) and trimethylsilylpropargyl acrylate (TMSPA), have been prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The reactivity ratios were determined to be r(TMSPA) = 1.12 and r(NIPAAm) = 0.49, in the absence of RAFT agent, and r(TMSPA) = 1.35 and r(NIPAAm) = 0.35, in the presence of RAFT agent using the average of different techniques. Block copolymers were prepared using a POEGMEA(40) macro-RAFT agent chain extended with NIPAAm and TMSPA in various feed ratios. After deprotection, the polymers were reacted with 6I-azido-6I-deoxy-beta-cyclodextrin via Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, resulting in thermo-responsive block copolymers with pendant beta-cyclodextrin groups, which were then acetylated to modify the polarity and inclusion-complex formation of beta-cyclodextrin with the drug albendazole (ABZ). Only block copolymers with small amounts of cyclodextrin were observed to have an LCST while the copolymers containing higher beta-cydodextrin fractions increased the LCST of PNIPAAm beyond measurable temperature ranges. Encapsulation of ABZ increased the LCST. The loading efficiency increased in the polymer beta-cyclodextrin conjugate compared to native beta-cyclodextrin with the highest loading observed in the block copolymer after all remaining cyclodextrin hydroxyl groups had been acetylated. While beta-cyclodextrin is toxic, attachment of a polymer lowered the toxicity to nontoxic levels. The ABZ-loaded polymers were all observed to be highly toxic to OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cell lines with the acetylated polymer showing the highest toxicity.