An innovative method was developed for production of alginate hydrogel microbeads incorporated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) based on electrochemical synthesis followed by electrostatic extrusion. AgNPs were synthesized galvanostatically at different values of AgNO3 concentration in the initial solution (0.5-3.9 mM), current density (5-50 mA cm(-2)), and implementation time (0.5-10 min). Increase in all of these parameters increased the concentration of AgNPs in alginate solution and was confirmed by TEM analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry studies and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proved the alginate to be a good capping agent for the electrochemical synthesis of silver nanoparticles, due to coordination bonding between hydroxyl and ether groups, as well as ring oxygen atoms in uronic acid residues of alginate molecules, and Ag nanoparticles. Ag/alginate colloid solution was used for production of uniform hydrogel microbeads (with diameter of 487.75 +/- 16.5 mu m) by electrostatic extrusion technique. UV-vis spectroscopy confirmed retention and entrapment of AgNPs in microbeads during the production process. Alginate microbeads incorporated with AgNPs are attractive as biocompatible carriers and/or efficient donors of AgNPs as active components especially for potential biomedical applications, which was demonstrated by the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.