International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.40, No.11, 2549-2564, 1997
Metal-Droplet Deposition Model Including Liquid Deformation and Substrate Remelting
A heat transfer model for metal-droplet deposition and solidification is developed. When a molten droplet arrives at the substrate, it undergoes deformation and solidification. The rates of deformation and solidification are, in general, of the same order of magnitude, so it is important to be able to predict the coupled behavior involving fluid deformation, heat transfer and solidification. Typical existing models have either neglected the deformation by assuming that it takes place East or have used prescribed solutions of the solidification problem decoupled from the fluid dynamics. The present work describes a model which includes a solution of the mechanical energy equation containing kinetic and potential energy as well as viscous dissipation. In addition, the transient, convective-diffusive energy equation including viscous dissipation is solved in the deforming liquid phase by means of finite differences after appropriate coordinate transformations. The solid-phase transient energy equation is also solved in a transformed domain and the liquid and solid solutions are coupled to predict the actual growth of the solidification front. Because the solid energy equation is solved in the complete domain, which includes the substrate, it is possible to predict the behavior when remelting of the substrate occurs. Parametric studies are presented for a variety of relevant processing parameters.