To study the structural and tribological properties of MoS2/polyimide (MoS2/PI) composite under the irradiation environment of proton and electron, the MoS2/PI composites were investigated in a ground-based simulation facility, in which the energy of proton and electron was 25 keV and the flux was 2.5 x 10(14) cm(-2) s(-1). The experimental results revealed that the simplex and combined irradiation of proton and electron induced bond break and cross-link, proton irradiation can break the PI bond easier than electron irradiation and then formed the graphite-like structure at surface area of the samples. Irradiation decreased the friction coefficient and wear rate remarkably of the composites comparing with the pristine one. The wear rate increased with the increasing of the proton and combined radiation time, and decreased with the electron radiation conditions. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.