Sulfolobus metallicus is a hyperthermophilic and chemolithoautotrophic archaeon that uses elemental sulfur as an energy source. Its ability to oxidize H2S was measured either in the presence or absence of elemental sulphur, showing its ability for using both as an energy source. A biotrickling filter was set up and a biofilm of S. metallicus was established over the support. The maximum removal capacity of the biotrickling filter reached at 55 degrees C was 40 g S/m(3)h for input loads higher than 70 g S/m(3)h. Thus, S. metallicus can be used in a biofiltration system for the treatment of waste gas emissions at high temperatures contaminated with H2S.