International Journal of Multiphase Flow, Vol.20, No.5, 915-926, 1994
Ultrasonic-Imaging Velocimetry of Transient Liquefaction of Cohesionless Particulate Media
The loss of shear strength of a water-saturated cohesionless particle bed, known as liquefaction, was imaged in real time using clinical ultrasound back-scattering in an effort to distinguish liquefied from settled states in transient events. In the ultrasonic movies, the liquefied regions were found to be readily identifiable by their characteristic small-scale random fluctuations, which are consistent with the known phenomenon of particle diffusion in suspensions. The time sequences were analyzed and found to display an upward propagating interface separating settled from suspended regions, similar to the kinematic waves that arise in batch sedimentation, although their speeds were measured to be up to an order of magnitude greater than the terminal velocity of an isolated particle. On the basis of this similarity, the solidification process that follows liquefaction was modeled using drift flux theory and the Richardson-Zaki correlation, which was found to give a good match with the high measured solidification wave speeds.
Keywords:SUSPENSIONS