In this paper experimental data from grass fermentation and simulation results with the Anaerobic Digestion Model (ADM) No. 1 are described. Two laboratory reactors were operated under mesophilic conditions With volumetric loading rates in between 0.3 and 2.5 kg(VS)/(m(3) x d). Two different kinds of grass silage were used as substrates, resulting in an average specific biogas production of 600 L/kg(VS). The ADM I was calibrated both manually and with the help of a Genetic Algorithm in Matlab/Simulink. Results from calibration indicate that the NH(3) inhibition constant used to model the inhibition of acetate uptake is three to five times higher compared with digested activated sludge. The hydrogen inhibition constants applied for propionate and valerate/butyrate uptake are around two orders of magnitude lower than for sludge digestion. Crown Copyright (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.