Recovered fibre from pulp mills represents a potentially significant feedstock for conversion to ethanol. Enzymatic hydrolysis of untreated recovered fibre (86.5 Kappa, 13% lignin) resulted in a hexose yield of approximately 23%, which highlighted the need for an effective Pretreatment. Recovered fibre was pre-treated as a substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis using oxygen delignification. An experimental design was used to optimize temperature (90-150 degrees C), caustic loading (2-10%), and reaction time (2060 min). The post-delignification Kappa values ranged from 76.7 (11.5% lignin) under the mildest pretreatment conditions, to 20 (3% lignin) under the most severe pretreatment conditions. The effect of caustic load appears to have an increased effect at higher temperatures, with the Kappa numbers ranging from 76.7 (90 degrees C, 2% caustic, 20 min) to 56.0 (150 degrees C, 2% caustic, 20 min) and from 64.7 (90 degrees C, 10% caustic. 20 min) to 38.0 (150 degrees C, 10% caustic, 60 min). These changes in Kappa number reflect changes in the lignin fraction of3.1% and 4%, respectively. Increasing the caustic load from 2% to 10% decreased the oxygen delignification yield from 93.5% to 87.9% at 90 degrees C and 20 min reaction time, and 80.3% to 74.7% at 150 degrees C. The effect of time on oxygen delignification yield was found to be most significant in the first twenty minutes, which correlates with the drop in Kappa number that was observed. The pretreated fibre was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial enzymes Celluclast (80 FPU/mL, 20.1 CBU/mL) and Novozym (640.5 CBU/mL). A series of enzyme loadings ranging from 19 to 77 FPU/g were utilized on solids loading ranging from 20 to 100 g (dry fibre)/L. Based on the pretreatment and hydrolysis results an empirical model was developed that can predict hydrolysis sugar concentrations based on the Kappa number, enzyme loading, and initial recovered fibre concentration. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.