This study aims at the optimisation of a microwave pretreatment for wheat straw solubilisation and anaerobic biodegradability. The maximum yield of methane production was obtained at 150 degrees C with an improvement of 28% compared to an untreated sample. In addition, at this temperature, the time to reach 80% of the methane volume obtained from untreated straw was about 35%. The study of ramp time and holding time at targeted temperature showed that they had no improvement effect. Thus, the best conditions are the highest heating rate for a final temperature 150 degrees C without any holding time. The reading of energy consumed by pretreatment and energy overproduced by pretreated samples showed that increasing tVS amount and heating rate led to a saving of energy consumption. Nevertheless, to obtain a positive energy balance, a microwave device should consume less than 2.65 kJ/g(rVS). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.