A novel bioelectrochemical reactor with anodic biooxidation coupled to cathodic bioelectro-Fenton was developed for the enhanced treatment of highly concentrated organic wastewater. Using swine wastewater as a model, the anode-cathode coupled system was demonstrated to be both efficient and energy-saving. Without any external energy supply to the system, BOD(5), COD, NH(3)-N and TOC in the wastewater could be greatly reduced at both 1.1 g COD L(-1) d(-1) and 4.6 g COD L(-1) d(-1) of OLR, with the overall removal rates ranging from 62.2% to 95.7%. Simultaneously, electricity was generated at around 3-8W m(-3) of maximum output power density. Based on electron balance calculation, 60-65% of all the electrons produced from anodic biooxidation were consumed in the cathodic bioelectro-Fenton process. This coupled system has a potential for enhanced treatment of high strength wastewater and provides a new way for efficient utilization of the electron generated from biooxidation of organic matters. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.