| 초록 |
In skeletal development, bone formation from condensing mesenchymal cells involves two distinct pathways; endochondral and intramembraneous bone formation. Recent studies have shown that b-catenin activity plays a crucial role in regulating these pathways. We demonstrate that the hESC-derived MSCs differentiate and regenerate in vivo bone tissues through two different pathways depending upon local cues present in a scaffold microenvironment. The hydroxyapatite (HA)-microenvironment stabilized b-catenin and upregulated Runx2, resulting in bone formation through intramembraneous ossification. hESC-derived MSCs seeded on PLGA/PLLA scaffold without HA, however, showed minimal levels of b-catenin and Runx2, and differentiated via endochondral ossification, as evidenced by formation of cartilaginous tissue followed by calcification and increased blood vessel invasion. These results indicate that the ossification mechanisms can be regulated by the scaffold-mediated microenvironments |
