| 초록 |
Recent developmental engineering efforts aim to recapitulate endochondral ossification, a critical step in bone formation. However, this process entails the condensation of mesenchymal stem cells into cartilaginous templates, which requires long-term cultures and is challenging to scale up. Here, a biomimetic scaffold is developed that allows rapid and self-sustained EO without initial hypertrophic chondrogenesis. This composite scaffold enables human endothelial cells and MSCs to rapidly assemble into osteovascular niches in immunodeficient mice. These niches contain ECFC-lined blood vessels and perivascular MSCs that differentiate into pre-osteoblasts after one week in vivo. Subsequently, multiple ossification centers are formed, leading to de novo bone tissue formation, including mature human osteoblasts, collagen-rich mineralized extracellular matrix, hydroxyapatite, and gradual mechanical competence. The findings suggest a novel bioengineering approach to recapitulate EO. |
