| 초록 |
The thermal excitation isotherms on the maximum quantum states of each energy level of metal atoms are derived as a function of temperature by utilizing the characteristics of the terms of the binomial expansion and using non-binomial equations. From them the geometric mean heat capacities of the lower thermal energy levels are expressed. Among them the heat capacity equation by modifying the binomial theorem, Cv5 =(Cl1 Cl2 Cl3 Cl4 Cl5 )1/5 and Cv3 =(Cl1 Cl2 Cl3)1/3 brings the best fitting to the experimental heat capacity data of metasl at the constant volume. In the derivations we assumed that the triad, the set, composed of an electron, its proton and its neutron in a metal becomes a basis for the thermal excitation. kB (Boltzmann constant) is found to be a specific heat of an energy level of a metal atom in one dimension. And kK is found to be a specific heat of a set of a metal atom in one dimension. Each thermal energy level has the same number of the unexcited sets(Z/4 or Z/5) from when a metal is composed. Then the fractional energy levels are permitted in data fitting. The core sets made of the free neutrons may exist as one energy level. The theoretical heat capacity equations abide by the law of Dolong-Petit. The line spectra and some atomic models are explained. |
