Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol.45, No.7, 23-28, 2006
Sing low-field NMR to determine wettability of, and monitor fluid uptake in, coated and uncoated sands
Methods commonly used to measure the wettability of unconsolidated porous media are quick and easy to perform, but: these tests do not provide reproducible results. This paper outlines the use of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as an alternative method of wettability assessment due to this tool's ability to discriminate bound fluid from bulk fluid. Water bound to the grain surfaces of water-wet samples relaxes quickly and produces signal amplitude peaks at low transverse relaxation (T-2) values. Bulk water, on the other hand, relaxes much more slowly and signal amplitude peaks consequently appear at higher T-2 values. It is expected that the contribution of surface-bound water in water-repellent samples is lower than in water-wet samples. NMR measurements performed on water-wet sand and on the same sand coated with organic matter clearly show significant differences in solid-fluid interactions between water and sands of different wettabilities. Numerous NMR measurements were obtained over time to monitor relaxation shifts because it was expected that the resulting spectra would provide insight into the rate of fluid uptake in sands of varying wettability: Water uptake appears to be spontaneous in water-wet samples and much slower in water-repellent samples, however all samples will eventually reach the same equilibrium endpoint regardless of wettability. NMR spectra also show that the results from water in uncoated and coated sands closely resemble that from water in wettable and water-repellent soils. Consequently, uncoated and, coated sands can be used to analyze wettability mechanisms in unconsolidated porous media. The results also show that causative agents of soil water repellency include asphaltenes that are insoluble to n-pentane.